Monday, February 2, 2015

Doug Wilson and the "Gospel" of Gender Hierarchy

My lovely research assistant (and wife) brought this to my attention recently.

I have made no secret of my dislike of Doug Wilson. Why do I loathe him? Maybe it is that he wrote a plagiarized pamphlet - and then an entire book - defending Confederate slavery, while ignoring and denying the actual historical facts surrounding the “peculiar institution.” Maybe it is that he is an AIDS denialist. Maybe it is that he teaches that the most “godly” societies of the last 2000 years were the Confederate South and the Middle Ages. Maybe it is his view of marital sex as a display of male dominance and the enactment of a rape fantasy for both parties. Or, maybe, it is the fact that he sounds very much like a narcissistic bully.

Well, Wilson is at it again, with a (purported) teaser for his new book How To Exasperate Your Wife. I’m not sure from the post whether Wilson wrote the entire book, or just a chapter. Whatever the case is, he has written this little “Chiastic Catechism on Biblical Sexuality,” which can be viewed through this link. (It is a “do not link” so that it doesn’t give Wilson any hits to raise his spot in search engines.)

Wilson, of course, has made no secret that he is a follower of Rushdoony, the father of Reconstructionism, and that he advocates Patriarchy. This little bit on his views on sexuality and gender, however, are a bit eye opening. Unfortunately, I have been seeing far too much of these views creeping into Evangelicalism as a whole, substituting for the actual Gospel, a new “gospel,” the chief tenets of which are Gender Hierarchy and Gender Essentialism, which in practice amounts to Gender Hierarchy Lite.

So, let’s look through the Doug Wilson version of “biblical” sexuality.

***
Doug’s words in small print, mine in large.

Here are 25 questions, along with some suggested answers.
1. What is the first challenge of biblical masculinity?
To have enough of it to be willing to articulate what it is in public.
Here is the first clue about where Doug always goes with questions of gender. Like others within the Gender Essentialist camp, there is a specific “definition” of what a man must be. For Doug, this is all about dominance, as his writings have made clear. A man is “not female,” or as Mark Driscoll puts it, a man isn’t a “pussy.” So, at minimum, based on this question, a “man” needs to be able to stand up and define manhood for everyone else.
2. Is not the subject of human sexuality filled with nuance?
Yes, it is. And the first sign that you have worked through it with sufficient care is that nobody thinks you have any.
Wilson’s first statement is a lie. He doesn’t actually believe there is nuance at all. Nuance of ways people want to deviate from his extremely rigid view of acceptable sexuality, but no nuance whatsoever as to how he teaches men and women are to be. I get where Wilson gets this idea. (As becomes clear below, he borrows it from a paradox by G. K. Chesterton.) However, it not only comes off as ignorant, it is ignorant. Wilson has a habit of ignoring any indisputable facts that conflict with his own opinions, so this is no surprise. However, he might have at least spent a bit of time reading about intersex individuals (which he could at least call eunuchs) before declaring that if you just work through the issues with care, you come up with a rigid view of human sexuality.  
3. I am beset with sexual temptations. Does God have a solution for me?
Yes. The love of a good woman who is willing to make love to you for the rest of your life.
This one makes some pretty bold assumptions, doesn’t it? Perhaps that there is a woman for everyone who wants one, and that she will be willing to give you sex on demand for the rest of your life. Not surprising, in light of Doug’s views on marital sex that he comes up with an entitled view. But think about it, doesn’t this imply that God has selected a sexual servant for every man as the cure for sexual temptations? (Obviously, this also ignores the possibility that having a woman might not actually help the situation for some men, or the man might not have a woman handy who will agree to be his wife.)
4. But I am not married. What should I do about sexual temptation in that case?
You should find out her name, and ask her.
This answer is related to the above. Hey, are you a horny man? Go out and get a woman! Again, there is the assumption that the only reason a man isn’t married is that he hasn’t gone out and got a woman. Given Doug’s views of male dominance, it might not be a stretch to think that he recommends taking a woman by force if necessary. This also doesn’t really answer the question for the young man who is nowhere near ready to marry. See below for a particularly horrible example of Doug’s philosophy at work.
5. What is the best thing I can do for my children?
On an earthly level, the best thing you can do for your children is to love their mother.
No, Doug, that’s baloney. While it is good to love the mother of one’s children, children need to be loved themselves. That is a bigger priority in their lives.
6. What is the next best thing I can do for my children?
Get a job where you have to work hard, make sure you do in fact work hard, providing their mother with the wherewithal to feed and clothe them, and to provide them all with a godly education.
I hope to write an entire post on this issue, because it is a reiteration of a materialistic view of manhood that permeates Evangelicalism. The number one (in practice) trait that a man must have to be considered “godly” is to be a “good provider.” For Wilson, this means enough for the necessities, plus the ability to support a stay-at-home wife and either homeschool the kids or send them to a “godly” school. Maybe like one of Doug’s expensive private schools. While Doug tries make it look better by talking about hard work, the bottom line is that low income men cannot meet this standard. “Godliness” is defined by wealth and money.
7. What do I do if I don’t understand my wife?
God didn’t tell you to understand her. He said to love her. Try starting with that.
Part of this is uncontroversial. I believe that husbands are called to love their wives. And vice versa, although Doug doesn’t believe that. On the other hand, part of being loving is to seek understanding. If you want to know how to be loving to your spouse, you need to actually listen to him or her, and understand what he or she is saying. This is Relationship Communication 101, but I suspect it is far too egalitarian for Doug’s taste. Also, I will note that the idea of the incomprehensible woman is part of the stereotype of women as emotional and irrational - not at all like rational and comprehensible men - which is why men should be in charge of everything.
8. Doesn’t the apostle Peter say that husbands are to live with their wives with understanding?
Yes, he does. Mysteries are to be handled with understanding, which is not the same thing as understanding mysteries.
My previous comment applies to this one as well. Also, Doug’s “distinction” here is pretty obvious sophistry.
9. What are the most important things I can do to foster family unity?
Worship together, pray together, eat together, laugh together, and read together.
Hey, something I don’t really have a problem with! I am in favor of all these things, although I believe that unity also comes from mutual understanding of others, respect for differences and boundaries, and mutual love. So Doug is omitting some pretty important factors here.
10. Why are men sexually attracted to other men?
It is the judgment of God upon our culture because we would not honor God as God and would not give Him thanks. Therefore God has given men over to the downward spiral of their renegade lusts fueled by father hunger.
While this particular idea is hardly unique to Wilson, it does show the continued denialism that plagues Evangelicalism when it comes to homosexuality. The historical evidence is clear that homosexuality is a constant over time and geography, and that there is nothing new or unique to our particular culture. Growing evidence shows that it has a genetic component. The fact that Wilson thinks his Bible teaches him differently doesn’t make the evidence to the contrary go away. Beyond that, however, Wilson (and many other Evangelicals) have made a subtle switch from the beliefs of the past. He is citing Romans 1 here, which used to be used as evidence that individual homosexuals became that way because of their own rejection of God. (This was possibly what Saint Paul believed, based on the belief at the time that same sex relationships were a form of hypersexuality.) Now that there is evidence that orientation isn’t a choice made later in life as a result of rejection of God, Wilson and others have turned it into kind of a nebulous cultural curse. Because many in the culture reject God, He smites some random individuals with homosexual desires. (So the devout Christian youth who is mortified to find he or she is gay and doesn’t succeed in “praying the gay away” is cursed because other people have rejected God…) The final part of the statement, though, betrays Wilson’s agenda and his gender essentialism. See, a man becomes gay because of “father hunger,” meaning his dad wasn’t “manly” enough. (Some others have advised fathers of boys to try to beat the effeminacy out of them…) I find it interesting that Exodus International recently closed up shop because they realized that they were not succeeding in changing orientation, and that their blame of parents for their children being gay was not only factually wrong, but cruel.
11. How did God imprint His image on the human race?
He did this by creating us male and female. Any attempts to reconfigure this arrangement are therefore explicit assaults on the image of God.
I think Wilson has crossed the line into heresy here. When most of us think of what God is like, we don’t think, “He is divided into two parts, one male, and one female.” Traditionally, the view has been that “image of God” means that we are moral creatures, capable of choice rather than instinct. Or perhaps that we are capable of moral good. Or that we are sentient creatures, capable of relationships, language, and society. These are all possible ways that we bear God’s image.
One more issue comes to mind here too. I haven’t seen Wilson state it, but fellow Patriarchist Doug Phillips, in his Tenets of Biblical Patriarchy made it clear that males reflect the glory of God while females reflect the glory of males. Furthermore, Phillips is adamant that God is a male. I believe Wilson has made that second point as well, that God must be viewed as a male, never as a female. The traditional teaching would be that God is neither male nor female, but spirit, and sexless like the angels.

But, here, Wilson makes it clear that the way we show the image of God is through rigid gender roles. And, as he soon makes clear, through rigid gender hierarchies.
12. What is the most important word in the marriage vows?
In our time, because of the peculiar form our disobedience has taken, the most important word is obey. And it is the most important word whether or not it is included in the vows. Like a father who has abandoned his family, that word can dominate through its absence.
This is the statement that caused my wife to notice the link and forward it to me. I hope to tell the story of our wedding vows soon, because they were part of an important discussion that carried over long into our married life.
Wilson clearly believes that marriage is a hierarchy, with the man as the dominant leader, and the wife as the obedient subordinate. And here, he is explicit. The problem with our world and with our marriages is that the wife is not obeying.
I would disagree with Wilson both philosophically and practically. From the practical point of view as a divorce attorney, I would say that I haven’t had a nasty Christian divorce case wherein the wife was disobedient. Oh, she was sure to submit, often while being a martyr to the cause, and complaining about it to everyone who would listen.
Thus, both practically and philosophically, I would say that the most important word in the marriage vows is “love.” I believe Saint Paul agrees with me on that point. I also believe Christ taught that love was the greatest commandment too, come to think of it. A little “love, honor, and cherish” would do much more good than more of “obey.”
13. What is biblical masculinity?
It is the glad assumption of sacrificial responsibility.
Nice euphemism there, Doug. In the last several decades, “Complementarians” have tied themselves in pretzel forms trying to show that hierarchy isn’t really hierarchy, and that hierarchy is actually “equality.” One of the favorite ways to do that is to use euphemisms like “servant leader” and “sacrificial responsibility.” It’s easy to tell that these are being used to disguise and sugarcoat the real point, because they don’t just stop with “servant” and “sacrifice.” Why? Because women can and are expected to serve and sacrifice too, of course. But they don’t get to lead and be the “responsible” party. Again, this is a euphemism for being the one in charge. He who has the responsibility has the power. “I’m taking responsibility of this decision, dear.”
So, once again, the definition of being “masculine” is to be the boss. To have subordinates. The “gospel” of Gender Hierarchy.
14. How do I acquire the authority to live like this?
Authority naturally flows to those who take responsibility. Authority routinely flees those who seek to blame others.
The second statement is true. The first is half true. Simply taking responsibility doesn’t make one a leader. We all should take responsibility for our own lives, but taking responsibility doesn’t give us power over others. I would note that by this same token, a woman who takes responsibility should also get that authority, right? Except that in Wilson’s world, men take responsibility...away from women.
15. What is the confessional issue of our time?
The confessional issue of our time is human sexuality, biblically defined.
I have heard Wilson make this point before, in a more expanded manner. His belief and teaching is that the most crucial issue of our time is sexuality. By that, he means a “confusion” between men and women and their roles. In other words, men aren’t being “men,” and women aren’t being “women.” And believe me, by that, he means that men are not dominating and ruling and being “masculine” by his cultural definition (see also Driscoll, Mark), and women are not being submissive and staying at home and serving men. Wilson blames homosexuality on the same source. If men and women knew their defined traits and roles, then gays wouldn’t be “confused” about their attractions.
16. Why are women sexually attracted to other women?
This also is the judgment of God upon our culture, and is the result of men — fathers, brothers, cousins, boyfriends, husbands, and ex-husbands — mistreating girls and women. Women ineffectively try to build a fortress that will protect them from rebellious male sexuality, but it cannot work. Despite this protest, many self-identified lesbians remain sexually accessible to selfish men, and the “burned by men” phenomenon just gets continually worse. This too is fueled by father hunger.
This is where Wilson veers from being merely offensive to feeding a pernicious belief about lesbians. Never mind that it is untrue (not that Wilson actually believes any sociological research), which Wilson could have discovered by actually listening to any number of lesbians who were not abused: this belief encourages the rape of lesbians.
The basic idea is that women only become lesbian because of a bad sexual experience (usually molestation or rape) with a man, leading them to reject sex with men. The cure for it, naturally, is to have sex with a “real” man, which will lead to a restoration of the natural desire for sex with men. Again, no connection with reality, and a rather dismissive view of female sexual autonomy which pervades Wilson’s teachings on sex.
17. What are the most important things I can do to foster marital unity?
Worship together, pray together, eat together, sleep together, laugh together, and read together.
As with the promotion of family unity, this list isn’t wrong, but it is incomplete. In Doug’s world, marital unity occurs when the wife submits to the husband, and he gets his way in all things. (Including the bedroom.) That is one form of unity, I suppose. Stalin liked that kind of national unity.
For those of us in Egalitarian marriages, however, we experience unity in a different way. We both work together toward shared goals, and we discuss disagreements until we find mutually beneficial and mutually agreeable decisions. Of course, we also do Doug’s list, but while they are important to bonding, the real work of unity comes as a result of mutual respect, love, and discussion in which neither of us holds a trump card.
18. How can I communicate to my wife how hard it is to take this kind of responsibility?
You shouldn’t try. It is more important for you to be a protective father to her than for her to be a comforting mother to you. Your wife should know that you are faithful. She may or may not know how hard it is. If you are not a whiner, you will not make a point of letting her know.
Wow. This is one where Wilson just gets weird. Most of us outside of the Patriarchy bubble would find the idea that husbands are a “protective father” to our wives to be uncomfortably inappropriate. It’s kind of sexually icky too, smacking of incest fantasies. And, again, it reflects Wilson’s view of marriage as a hierarchy, where the man has to be on a pedestal above her, never letting the facade of masculinity drop so she can see his human struggles. It also betrays his belief that women are like children, and need to be treated as such. (His “feud” with Rachel Held Evans is a further example of how he treats women like children.)
This seems so counter to how a good marriage should be. Obviously, I do not want my wife to be my mother. But I don’t want to be her father either. We are partners, best friends who carry each other’s burdens. There are times when I lean on her for emotional support and encouragement. And there are times when she leans on me. Life is hard. But it isn’t as hard when you have someone to lean on.
19. What do I do when my wife doesn’t understand me?
She is not supposed to understand you. She is supposed to respect you.
This corresponds to #7 above. Again, Wilson assumes that a mutual understanding isn’t the goal - or even possible. The woman is to respect. And obey, of course. The man is to love.
There are a few other problems inherent in the question and answer as well. First, the question itself tends to, in the context of Wilson’s view of gender, assume some things. When a “man” asks this question, he is assuming that if she could just understand him, she would agree with him. (You know, the male leadership role, which results from his god-created intellectual superiority.) Hence the answer: she doesn’t have to bend her little mind around your decision, she just has to respect it and obey, whether she understands it or not. (See my recent post on the Evangelical obsession with unquestioning obedience.) I hate to break it to Wilson, but a woman can fully understand you and still disagree.
The other damaging assumption here is that understanding isn’t desirable or possible. Men and women are just too different to be able to communicate and understand each other, so we need to just go with the god-given hierarchy with men in charge. As I noted regarding #7, learning to communicate and understand is actually Relationship Communication 101, but that assumes an equality that Wilson is unwilling to grant.
20. What is the second best thing I can do for my wife?
Dinner for two at Angelo’s, followed by a leisurely walk on the beach in the moonlight.
I’m fond of both Italian food and moonlight walks on the beach. So is my wife. However, chocolate would need to be included. The arrogance with which Wilson states this is irritating. Would it have been too hard to go with “ask her what she would like”?
21. What is the best gift I can give my wife?
On an earthly level, the best gift you can give your wife is to be a true and faithful father to her children.
Now, I have no doubt that it makes my wife happy when I parent my kids. Any decent mother would be thrilled to see a father do that. But to say that this is the “best gift” assumes that a woman identifies primarily as a mother, and that her own needs are not that important. This fits in very much with the ideals of Patriarchy, which does tend to view women as not having dreams or desires of their own. Or at least that these dreams and desires are irrelevant because she should be pursuing her role as a wife and mother instead.
22. What do I do about remaining sexual temptations, despite the fact that I am married?
Recognize that you answer to Christ for your sin, and not primarily to your wife. Unrepented sexual sin, including your internal lusts, is a violation of your marriage vows, but it is a more profound violation of your baptism. Deal with it on that level first.
For the most part, I agree with this one. However, Wilson does miss one key point, which is that lust is, at its heart, and objectification of women. Wilson seems to feel that that is okay if directed toward one’s wife, but not okay outside of it. Perhaps rather than just “repenting” in the sense of deciding one was wrong to lust,  one should reexamine one’s views of women and their bodies as existing to gratify men.
23. So having repented, what do I do about it?
Recognize that you are not yet devoted to your wife as a complete woman. If she is your wife in the bedroom, but everywhere else is a servant (or dominatrix), you need to confess your overall husbandly neglect of her, and ask God to dismantle the standing wall of partition you have built up between the two of you. Sexual lusts grow on that wall like ivy.
Okay, fine. Except that Wilson has done much in the previous questions to erect those partitions. Don’t try to understand your wife. That’s impossible. Don’t show your weaknesses. After all, you are a “protective father” to her. Don’t expect her to understand you. Expect her to respect and obey you. If anything, this builds up walls that cannot be breached. And, as Wilson correctly points out, lusts grow on that wall. Why? In my opinion, we are wired to desire intimacy, not just sex. A relationship that has a hierarchy can never be truly intimate, because intimacy requires equality. I can have a relationship with a boss, but it can never be truly intimate, because the difference in power and authority interferes with either of us being truly vulnerable and open with each other.
Some have theorized that this insistence on hierarchy within marriage has led to a problem of “emotional incest” within patriarchal families. The desire for an equal and intimate relationship, with mutual, voluntary respect and love continues, and finds an outlet outside of the marriage if it cannot be satisfied within it.
24. What is the great danger sign that preachers and teachers in the church are compromised on the topic of sexuality?
The great danger sign is carefully-parsed, visible nuance, coupled with an unwillingness to attack sexual sin, particularly the perversions. As Chesterton noted, to be carefully wrong is a distinguishing mark of decadence.
And we all know what Wilson is referring to here. Preachers need to be calling out the fags.
25.  All of this is a high challenge. Will I be able to incorporate these truths into my life?
That is up to you. But even if you do not believe yourself to be enough of a man, you can at least make the effort manfully.
Once again, “manliness” does not admit weakness. There are no cracks in the facade.
***
I think it is crucial to understand Wilson’s teachings on marital sex in order to understand the dynamics here as well. There is ample evidence that Wilson is a bully, and an entitled narcissist, and that he behaves that way in the bedroom as well, if his teachings are any indication.
Let’s start with the infamous passage from Fidelity, which Wilson in his prologue recommends that men not let their wives read.
Because we have forgotten the biblical concepts of true authority and submission, or more accurately, have rebelled against them, we have created a climate in which caricatures of authority and submission intrude upon our lives with violence.
When we quarrel with the way the world is, we find that the world has ways of getting back at us. In other words, however we try, the sexual act cannot be made into an egalitarian pleasuring party. A man penetrates, conquers, colonizes, plants. A woman receives, surrenders, accepts.This is of course offensive to all egalitarians, and so our culture has rebelled against the concept of authority and submission in marriage. This means that we have sought to suppress the concepts of authority and submission as they relate to the marriage bed.
But we cannot make gravity disappear just because we dislike it, and in the same way we find that our banished authority and submission comes back to us in pathological forms. This is what lies behind sexual “bondage and submission games,” along with very common rape fantasies. Men dream of being rapists, and women find themselves wistfully reading novels in which someone ravishes the “soon to be made willing” heroine. Those who deny they have any need for water at all will soon find themselves lusting after polluted water, but water nonetheless.
True authority and true submission are therefore an erotic necessity. When authority is honored according to the word of God it serves and protects — and gives enormous pleasure. When it is denied, the result is not “no authority,” but an authority which devours." (emphasis added)
Wilson is pretty clear. Marital sex is to be about “authority” and “submission.” And because we don’t acknowledge that, there is violence against women.
There are so many things in here that do not reflect reality that it is hard to know where to start. First might be the simple fact that the rates of violence against women and rape are actually lower in cultures that are more egalitarian. (I discussed this previously.) That in itself should be enough to establish that this is bullshit. However, there is more.
I find Wilson’s statements to reflect, not reality, but Wilson’s own twisted and violent heart. Oddly enough, many - perhaps most - couples find sex to be what he claims it cannot be: an egalitarian pleasuring party. I would call it “being a good lover.” Doug, if your woman isn’t getting mutual pleasure out of sex, it isn’t because of “the way the world is,” it’s because you suck in bed. Man up and learn to pleasure a woman, dude.
Then, there is the whole “penetrates, conquers, colonizes, plants” versus “receives, surrenders, accepts.” Not only is this breathtakingly sexist, it isn’t the reality that most couples experience. One could easily enough flip the script and make the mechanics of copulation sound like an act of female dominance. (“engulfs, milks, melts”) But neither really reflects the inherent nature of becoming one flesh. For many of us, it is a mutual coming together in an ecstasy of mutual love. (Wait, that sounded a bit like “egalitarian pleasure fest.”)
And what about this “rape fantasy” business? Huh? Okay, I am sure some people have fantasies of raping or being raped. And many others probably have some sort of dominance/submission/roleplay fantasy. And, if that is what gets a couple off, whatever.
However, that isn’t me, and it isn’t my wife. I do not and have not had rape fantasies, and certainly do not find it to be erotically necessary. At the risk of TMI, I find a fantasy of a woman desiring me to be more of a turn on. Furthermore, I find that making sex about power and hierarchy to be a turnoff. I love and have always loved the mutuality of our relationship, in and out of the bedroom.
At one point, Wilson said that “sex is something I do to my wife, not with my wife.” As with so much of this, it reveals Wilson’s inherently narcissistic view of life, marriage, and sex. He is the hero of his own story at all times.
If this were just about him, then I could feel sorry for his wife and leave it at that. Unfortunately, this man has a large following and an empire. He is also a close buddy of John Piper, who has an additional large following. When Piper speaks highly of Wilson’s theology, it is important to remember what goes with it. Unfortunately, this “gospel” of Gender Essentialism and Gender Hierarchy has become pervasive throughout Evangelicalism, with an increasing emphasis on being “manly” in a particular cultural sense, and “feminine” in the sense of subservient and unassertive. This is a significant reason why many preachers, like Wilson, view “feminism” as the enemy of Christianity. Because, to them, deep down, the Gospel of Jesus Christ is really just the “gospel” of gender roles.  


Note on Wilson and “marriage is the cure for sexual problems”:

The idea that all sexual problems can be cured by marriage is endemic to Evangelicalism, but it can lead to some poor - and dangerous results. A few years back, Wilson took this idea to a particularly troubling extreme when he had a parishioner who had a problem in that he was a child sex predator. He had been convicted twice, in fact. Rather than realize that this problem was not going away, and that this man needed to be kept away from children, Wilson advised him to take the universal cure: get married to a young woman. And presided over the wedding. I pray to God that they are unable to have children. Aka further victims for this guy. Doug, marriage is not a cure for pedophilia. Sorry, it isn’t, and by suggesting that it is you are putting children at risk for further victimization.


Note on Evangelicalism and Wilson:

I mentioned Wilson in connection with “farewelling”. I believe that is important, because Wilson remains an accepted member of the Tribe, despite all of these troubling teachings. What that says to me (particularly in light of those who have been dismissed from the fold) is that Evangelicalism isn’t the least bit troubled by the idea of Gender Hierarchy, doesn’t worry that it enable abusers, and doesn’t notice that its main proponents (Gothard, Phillips, Driscoll, Wilson, and others) tend to show the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder. My father-in-law and I have had an ongoing discussion about this, and he believes that Christians are extremely vulnerable to narcissists, because they are not taught how to recognize them, and because the traits of narcissism match the “virtues” we have been taught to revere.

If I were to give my own recommendation, it would be that the first sign of one of these guys is that they talk about hierarchies. Men over women, adults over children, with an emphasis on unquestioning obedience. This is precisely what narcissists expect from their followers, as it feeds their need for attention and self-importance.

Wilson is a particularly obvious example, but I find it troubling that Evangelicalism is unable to recognize the poison of the “gospel” of Gender Hierarchy and Gender Essentialism. We ought to be disgusted by the teachings of the Doug Wilsons of the world, and recognize that the “gospel” he is teaching is the opposite to the gospel taught by Christ. 

For me of the better discussions of Wilson's problems with gender, race, and sexuality, see this post. The author understands the linkage between his denialism when it comes to slavery and his dangerous teachings on marital sex. 

Future post:

After I wrote this, but before I edited it, John Piper really stepped in it regarding men, women, and rape. I’m going to dissect that one in the future. Stay tuned.
 

Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Escape From Camp 14 by Blaine Harden

Source of book: Borrowed from the library

This book is a quick - but not light - read. Author Blaine Harden wrote the book based on his interviews of Shin Dong-hyuk, the only man known to have escaped from North Korea’s prison camps. 



The author admits that he is uncertain about the truth of every detail. After all, he can only rely on Shin’s account for most of the story, and he has to assume that Shin is being truthful with him, which is not exactly a guarantee. However, Harden did confirm everything he could, from geographical details to information about the process of escaping to China. The details that can be confirmed were found to be true, and thus Harden believes the rest of the story to be reasonably true. (I’m thinking a bit like a lawyer on this one. In many cases, there are as many “true” stories as their are witnesses, and even truthful witnesses perceive things differently.)

Shin was born in Camp 14, to two prisoners who were allowed to marry as a reward for good behavior. Shin grew up in the camp, knowing nothing of the outside world - even North Korea - until another prisoner who had lived on the outside convinced him to escape with him. Sadly, the other prisoner died in the attempt.

There are so many disturbing things in this book that it would be fruitless to try to discuss them all. At its heart, this book is a tale of how to dehumanize humans. Shin never knows anything that most of us would be considered “normal.” All he has the luxury of doing is fighting for his next meal and his survival. The prison camps - even more so than North Korea itself - are structured to reduce humans to mere animals - or machines. The system of reward and punishment is designed to encourage snitching, and discourage relationships between prisoners. Not only was sexual contact strictly forbidden (except for rape of prisoners by the guards) and pregnancy punished by death, friendship was severely punished as well, and gatherings of more than two prisoners were also forbidden.

In addition to the dehumanizing rules, the guards were encouraged to think of the prisoners as animals. As An Myeong Chul, a former guard who later defected put it, “It was normal to beat prisoners.” After all, they were taught to think of them as “pigs and dogs.”

[Side note: this is one reason why it was so telling that a certain police officer in Ferguson was on video screaming at the protesters, “Bring it, you fucking animals!” Once you dehumanize people to that level, violence against them is inevitable. And make no mistake: if an officer is willing to do that on camera, it is because he knows the entire culture of the department supports him. He is saying out loud what the others are thinking.]

The North Korean government isn’t stupid, though. They recognize that all it takes to break a totalitarian system is two or more that can become friends and realize that there is something better.

Another thing I found interesting about the system is that the prisoners were required to attend regular “confessional” meetings, where they would confess their “sins” against the state. It was striking how much the prison camp resembled a cult - but with more military force behind it. If further proof was needed that totalitarianism is a religion, this is should suffice. (I highly recommend Raymond Aron’s excellent book, The Opium of the Intellectuals, reviewed here, which makes the case that Communism and Fascism are both religions.) I am also reminded a bit of my own cult experience, where there was a strong pressure to confess socially acceptable sins. Pride, for example, was an “okay” sin, but “lust” was not, because it would result in discipline. Likewise, the prisoners wracked their brains to come up with relatively benign “sins” against the state, like laziness, rather than anything that would result in torture.

Another interesting part of the book was the description of the sorry state of North Korea in the aftermath of the famine in the 1990s. The “approved” economy was in shambles, but a combination of foreign aid and smuggling propped up what was left. After Shin escapes from the camp, he must find a way to China. He does this by entering into the economy, described by the author as “smuggling, trading, and petty bribery.” This is the reality of a totalitarian system. Despite all attempts to suppress it, a certain sort of free market will always bubble up, always on the hideout from the government, but nonetheless robust.

The story of Shin’s attempts to assimilate into a free society is heartbreaking. The very act of learning to relate to normal people, to learn to trust and love, is largely beyond his reach. The damage is too great. (To preserve his own life, Shin snitches on his mother, leading to her death, and he is tortured anyway. It’s hard to recover from that.) The normal things we take for granted are continually foreign to Shin, and even the basics of holding a job are difficult. I couldn’t help but think of the period of adjustment after the abolition of slavery in the United States. Suddenly, those who only knew a totalitarian system in which they were property were thrown out to fend for themselves. Shin at least finds himself in a world that wishes him to succeed. Former slaves largely entered a world determined that they would fail.

One more observation, on a lighter note: Shin came to California, and became a huge fan of In-N-Out. Good taste, that.

I highly recommend this book for anyone seeking to understand North Korea and totalitarianism in general. I also might offer it in defense of the concept of evil. Ultimately, even the rulers in North Korea are impoverished by world standards, and the continued enslavement and slaughter of their people makes no logical sense. It is this tendency of the human race, to gain joy from the misery and pain of others, that makes the strongest case for the existence of evil and the fallen nature of our race.

Tuesday, January 27, 2015

The Mouse With The Question Mark Tail by Richard Peck

Source of book: Audiobook borrowed from the library.

Last year, we listened to another book by Peck, Secrets at Sea. Like that book, this one is a book about mice, set in the year of Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee. The former book was published in 2011, while this one followed immediately in 2013. Apparently Mr. Peck, now age 80, is enjoying writing whimsical rodent fiction after a long career writing more serious and contemporary books.

As I have mentioned previously, my second daughter is all about the mice, so these books have been chosen as a result of her love for rodents.

In my opinion, the previous book was almost as if Henry James had been a mouse and had written the counterpart to his human novels. This book, while it has obvious connections to the other, does not share any characters, and has a wholly British character (although Peck is quite American). Whereas the other book dwells extensively on the cultural differences between the Americans and the British, this book focuses more on the English class system.

The titular mouse has grown up in the mews (stables) at Buckingham palace, adopted by a seamstress. His origins are unknown, but will play a crucial role in the story. A victim of bullying due to his size, he flees his school, and finds himself on a dizzying journey from adventure to adventure within a short period of time. He spooks a horse carrying a young lady of the royal (human) family, finds himself enrolled in the palace guard (mouse edition), is transported by bats, lands in a bowl of punch, and has an interview with Queen Victoria herself. His birth and destiny carry him to a memorable denouement where his tale - and tail - come full circle. 

 One of Kelly Murphy's delightful illustrations.

I haven’t read enough Peck (indeed, none beyond these two books) to have any idea what the rest of his books are like. From these two, however, I can say that Peck can serve as a gateway drug, as it were, into the world of Victorian England and the literature about said era. I mentioned James, but I would also say that this book might be an introduction to any number of “adult” books about the aristocratic society of Europe past. Peck writes more in the vein of, say, Baroness Orczy, than of Dickens, with his love of the aristocracy. Commoners may be mentioned (in this case, in the oblique statement that field mice don’t get names), but their plight is hardly noted. I don’t find this to be a particular problem, for the simple reason that these books are meant to be a fun escape, not social commentary. Aristocratic foibles are gently mocked while the system is just assumed to exist. By transforming human society to a rodent society, some of the silliness becomes more apparent, but that isn’t Peck’s point.

In this book, the theme might be that of the classic underdog finding his way in the world. Or it might be the idea that speaking one’s mind might cause short term problems but could ultimately be a sign of a noble character. Or perhaps it was just a chance to put the Queen in a story and have a little fun with it.

There were a few lines that I found amusing. The first was one borrowed from the previous book. Mice are always conscious of “time running out.” Perhaps we humans ought to realize the same.

The other was a line that I think might have been in the previous book. “For everything a human is doing, somewhere there is a mouse doing the same thing, but better.” (I think I got that right. It’s hard to find a line on an audiobook…)

And then, there was the fact that the hero of the tale is a bit, um, “fun sized.” Throughout the book, he keeps getting asked if he is small, or if he is just not quite grown. As a short (and baby-faced) man myself, I have heard the equivalent of this far too often. (At age 20, I was mistaken for 12, which is the main reason I grew a beard…) Even at 38, I still get carded for wine and ammo. Even when I have the kids with me. So I sympathise a bit. (And the kids found this line hilarious.)

Bottom line: this is an amusing tale for children, but it also contains enough wit for the adults, including enough about the Victorian Era to spark some conversations about class and history. And if you, like me, have a child who loves mice, it will inevitably become part of the library one way or another.